THEME: The theme in a piece of fiction is its controlling idea or its central insight. It is the author's underlying meaning or main idea that he is trying to convey. The theme may be the author's thoughts about a topic or view of human nature.
Some simple examples of common themes from literature, TV, and film are:
- Things are not always as they appear to be (Coraline)
- Love Conquers All (Beauty and the Beast, Harry Potter)
PLOT : It is the sequence of events in a story or play. The plot is a planned, logical series of events having a beginning, middle, and end. The short story usually has one plot so it can be read in one sitting. There are five essential parts of plot:
a) Introduction - The beginning of the story where the characters and the setting is revealed. Example:
Princess Alin and Prince Bantugan (characters) were siblings who loved each other very much. They lived in the kingdom of Purowa, which was a prosperous place. (setting)
b) Rising Action - This is where the events in the story become complicated and the conflict in the story is revealed (events between the introduction and climax).
One day, warriors from the neighboring kingdom of Pan attacked and captured Alin.
Bantugan was also captured, and was almost killed but he escaped and swore to get revenge on the king of Pan.
However, on his way to Pan, he meets people who reveal more about him and his true identity as the true successor to the throne of Pan. He then joins rebels who planned to overthrow the king and who intended to establish a new order.
Conflict is the opposition of forces (eg, villain versus hero, man versus nature) which ties one incident to another and makes the plot move. It is any form of opposition that faces the main character.
There are two types of conflict:
1) External - A struggle with a force outside one's self. (Bantugan versus the king of Pan)
2) Internal - A struggle within one's self; a person must make some decision, overcome pain, quiet their temper, resist an urge, etc.
(Bantugan trying not to lose hope)
c) Climax - This is the highest point of interest and the turning point of the story. The reader wonders what will happen next; will the conflict be resolved or not?
Bantugan and the king face off. However, as Bantugan is about to win, the king suddenly makes Alin as his shield, so Bantugan could not harm him without harming his sister.
Alin sacrifices her life so that Bantugan could capture the king.
d) Falling action - The events and complications begin to resolve themselves. The reader knows what has happened next and if the conflict was resolved or not.
The king is thrown into prison and Bantugan and his men set about restoring order to the kingdom.
e) Denouement - This is the final outcome or untangling of events in the story.
Bantugan returns to his own kingdom, with the loss of his sister, but gaining the friendship of the people of Pan, who are grateful to him forever.
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